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Materi Cara Mengukur Suhu Badan (SOP) SMK Keperawatan 2014/2015

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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">Cara Mengukur Suhu Badan</span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Suhu rata-rata normal dan sehat seseorang adalah di 37 derajat celcius. Tetapi suhu tubuh seseorang akan bervariasi karena dipengaruhi oleh waktu pengukuran, tempat pengukuran, usia, dan metabolisme tubuhnya.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Tubuh menunjukkan suhu paling rendah pada pagi hari dan paling tinggi pada senja hingga malam hari. Perbedaan suhu terendah ke tertinggi bisa mencapai 1,5 derajat celcius.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Pada anak-anak di bawah 12 tahun, suhu tubuh pada malam akan berkisar pada 37,4 derajat celcius. Tetap dianggap normal sepanjang masih berkisar di 36 sampai 38 derajat celcius.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW9qnz9RcNfJMMKy8WpkXSHHLfepcXGXcCp1s4FHdsD0C-cZIWJBOXOp87b-1WJSjojyO3OhkbFc0d0ze4o7BjJxpNlusEyQnhAQmYe7pLddIEeBxb5zqxZx-1MPYRuAM5FVJOrM_3GSo/s1600/adved_1170824346.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW9qnz9RcNfJMMKy8WpkXSHHLfepcXGXcCp1s4FHdsD0C-cZIWJBOXOp87b-1WJSjojyO3OhkbFc0d0ze4o7BjJxpNlusEyQnhAQmYe7pLddIEeBxb5zqxZx-1MPYRuAM5FVJOrM_3GSo/s1600/adved_1170824346.jpg" style="border: none; position: relative;" /></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Untuk memeriksa suhu badan, umumnya seseorang langsung menempelkan tangan di bagian dahi. Ternyata pengukuran dengan tangan tidak dapat diandalkan karena kondisi pengukur akan berpengaruh pada hasilnya. Pengukur yang menderita anemia atau memiliki metabolisme tubuh rendah cenderung lebih peka saat mengukur suhu tubuh orang lain.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Cara yang paling dianjurkan adalah menggunakan thermometer yang dapat dilakukan dengan empat cara. Yakni:<br /><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="more" style="text-decoration: none;"></a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><b> 1.</b><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b>   </b><b>   </b></span><b><i>Oral Temperature</i>,</b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Meletakkan termometer di bawah lidah. Termometer biasa yang menggunakan air raksa membutuhkan waktu tiga menit untuk mendapatkan hasil <i>oral temperature</i>. Bila menggunakan <b>HD NexTemp </b>yang menggunakan kristal cair, Anda akan memperoleh hasil pengukuran hanya dalam waktu satu menit.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Cairan dan sisa rokok di mulut akan mempengaruhi hasil pengukuran <i>oral temperature</i>. Sebaiknya lakukan pengukuran 10 sampai 15 menit setelah makan, minum, atau merokok terakhir kali.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><b>2</b><b>.</b><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><b>  </b>   <b> </b></span><i><b>Auxiliary Temperature</b></i></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Meletakkan termometer di bagian ketiak. Termometer biasa membutuhkan 5 sampai 10 menit, sedangkan <b>HD NexTemp </b>hanya perlu 3 menit untuk menampilkan hasil pada pengukuran ini.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Dibandingkan dengan ketiga pengukuran lainnya, <i>auxiliary temperature</i>terhitung yang paling tidak akurat karena sangat dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan. Termometer biasa yang kurang akurat dibandingkan <b>HD NexTemp </b>biasanya akan menampilkan perbedaan hingga 1 derajat Celcius di bawah <i>oral temperature</i>.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><b>3</b>.<span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span><b><i>Rectal Temperature</i></b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Pengukuran ini dilakukan di bagian <i>rectum </i>(anus). Termometer <i>rectal</i>dimasukkan sedalam 3 sampai 4 cm ke dalam anus selama kurang lebih tiga menit. Hasil pengukurannya lebih tinggi 0,4 sampai 0,5 derajat celcius dari <i>oral temperature</i>.<br /></span></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">4.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span><i>Thimpanic Membrane Temperature</i></span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Telinga juga bisa menunjukkan suhu badan seseorang. Sebenarnya ini adalah cara pengukuran yang paling praktis, cepat, dan akurat. Tetapi, pengukuran ini tidak dianjurkan bagi orang awam yang tidak mengetahui anatomi telinga. Bagaimana pun, pengukuran ini berurusan dengan bagian pendengaran yang vital.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Persyaratannya canalis auditorius external harus bersih (bebas dari serumen dan kotoran lain) dan bagian probe termometer harus tepat diarahkan ke membran tympani.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Umumnya, <i>thimpanic membrane temperature </i>akan menunjukkan perbedaan hingga 0,8 derajat celcius lebih tinggi daripada oral temperature. Hasil akurat akan didapatkan bila termometer diarahkan dengan tepat ke bagian <i>membrane tympani </i>(selaput suara).</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">Catatan:</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">-<span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">        </span>Termometer juga bisa menjadi penularan penyakit, jadi harus selalu dibersihkan sebelum dan sesudah digunakan.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">-<span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">          </span>Jika anda memilih menggunakan cara <i>Oral Temperature</i>, maka jangan melakukan cara yang lain dengan menggunakan thermometer yang sama.  Apalagi dibagian rectal.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">-<span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">          </span>Pemakaian termometer air raksa harus diturunkan terlebih dahulu suhunya sebelum digunakan</span></div>
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Cara Mengukur Suhu Badan Suhu rata-rata normal dan sehat seseorang adalah di 37 derajat celcius. Tetapi suhu tubuh seseorang akan b...

Materi Langkah-Langkah Pemeriksaan Tekanan Darah (SOP)

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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">Langkah-Langkah Pemeriksaan Tekanan Darah</span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">  <b>  Persiapan</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 18.3999996185303px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">            1.  Lansia</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">Atur posisi lansia duduk dilantai.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">Jika telah melakukan aktivitas istirahatkan dulu sampai tenang, karena akan berpengaruh terhadap hasil pengukuran tekanan darah.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">2.<span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">   </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">Persiapan Alat</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">Spigmomanometer (Tensi meter).</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 18.3999996185303px; text-indent: -13.5pt;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 20.7900009155273px; text-indent: -13.5pt;"></span><span style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 18.3999996185303px; text-indent: -13.5pt;">Stetoskop</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 18.3999996185303px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">        <b>  Pelaksanaan</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">1.<span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">Atur posisi tangn minimal sejajar dengan letak jantung dan tidak terlalu rendah.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">2.<span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">Tempatkan atau letakan manset pada lengan atas 3 jari diatas sikut.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">3.<span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">Tempelkan Manometer pada manset yang telah dipasang.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">4.<span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">Cari denyut nadi pada arteri brachialis (pada lipatan siku).</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">5.<span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">Setelah nadi ditemukan tempelkan stetoskop pada daerah denyutan nadi tersebut.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="more" style="text-decoration: none;"></a></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">6.<span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">Pasang stetoskop pada telinga pemeriksa.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">7.<span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">Cari denyut nadi pada arteri radialis (pada daerah pergelangan tangan).</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">8.<span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">    </span></span><span style="line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">Mulai melakukan pemompaan sampai dirasakan denyutan nadi pada pergelangan tangan menghilang, lalu tambahkan 1 – 2 pompaan.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">9.<span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">Pegang ujung stetoskop lalu mulai turunkan tekanaan pada manset secara perlahan – lahan.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">10.<span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">Dengarkan adanya suara ”dug – dug – dug” :</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">Bunyi pertama menunjukan tekanan sistolik.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">Bunyi yang terakhir terdengar menunjukan tekanan diastolik.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">11.</span><span style="line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">Contoh : Jika bunyi jarum manometer menunjukan 120 dan bunyi terakhir menghilang jarum manometer menunjukan angka 80 berarti tekanan darah orang tersebut adalah 120/80 mmHg.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">12.<span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">Sesudah selesai lepaskan stetoskop dan manset dari pergelangan tangan lansia.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">13.<span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">Catat dan beritahukan hasil yang telah diperoleh.</span></span></div>
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<b><span class="fullpost"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 18.3999996185303px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Evaluasi</span></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span class="fullpost"><span style="line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">1.<span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span class="fullpost"><span style="line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">Nilai normal adalah :</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span class="fullpost"><span style="line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">Sistolik : 120 – 160 mmHg.</span></span><span style="line-height: 18.3999996185303px;"></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span class="fullpost"><span style="line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span class="fullpost"><span style="line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">Diastolik : 60 – 100 mmHg.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span class="fullpost"><span style="line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">2.<span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span class="fullpost"><span style="line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">Interpretasi:</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span class="fullpost"><span style="line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span class="fullpost"><span style="line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">Sistolik : > 160 mmHg  Hipertensi</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height: 20.7900009155273px;"></span><span class="fullpost" style="line-height: 20.7900009155273px;"><span style="line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">Sistolik : <></span></span></span></div>
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